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Influence of the Surface Modification of Lithium Disilicate Ceramics with Er, Cr: YSGG, and Nd:YAG Laser on Surface Properties, Roughness, and Bond Strength Bonded to Light- and Dual-Cure Cements

K.A. Al Aali

Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology, Vol. 17, No. 1 (2026), pp. 63-70

DOI: 10.4416/JCST2025-00017

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Abstract

The influence of hydrofluoric acid (HFA), Er, Cr: YSGG laser (ECL), Nd:YAG laser (NdYL) on the surface roughness (Ra), characterization, and shear bond strength of lithium disilicate ceramics (LDC) bonded to light cure (LC) and dual-cure (DC) resin cement was studied. 78 LDC discs were fabricated with the CAD-CAM technique. Samples were categorized into cohorts based on conditioning protocol: Group 1-HFA, Group 2-ECL, and Group 3-NdYL. Assessment of Ra and surface characterization was conducted using a profilometer and SEM. Twenty samples from each group were subdivided into two subgroups. Light-cure (LC) (A) and dual-cure (DC) resin cement (B) were built on the LDC, and this was followed by thermocycling. A universal testing machine and stereomicroscope were used for SBS and failure mode assessment. Ra and SBS were evaluated via ANOVA with post hoc multiple comparisons. The highest Ra was exhibited by Group 1-HFA. Group 3-NdYL-conditioned samples demonstrated the lowest Ra. The maximum bond integrity score was recorded for HFA+DC resin cement. The minimum bond strength was noted for NdYL+LC cement. LDC can be effectively conditioned with HFA and bonded with DC resin cement. Due to the drawbacks associated with HFA, it is advisable to seek a superior alternative for the surface conditioning of LDC.

Keywords

Lithium disilicate ceramics, shear bond strength, Er, Cr: YSGG laser, hydrofluoric acid, scanning electron microscopy.

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