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Why Alkaline Activation – 60 Years of the Theory and Practice of Alkali-Activated Materials
P. Krivenko
Abstract
Sixty years ago, just the idea of the presence of free alkalis in a cement matrix was considered by ordinary Portland cement people to be absurd, and this was a basic postulate accepted in cement chemistry. In 1957, a scientist from Kyiv, Ukraine (then, USSR), Victor Glukhovsky, put forward an assumption that was taken as a basis for development and realization of a principally new class of cementitious materials, which first appeared under the name of \"alkaline cements\" (nowadays also known under the general name of \"alkali-activated cements\"). The validity of these ideas is confirmed by more than 60 years of evolutionary development and vast experience collected from the practical use of these new materials in a variety of large-scale applications. The present review covers theoretical views on the role played by alkali in the formation of cement stone structure. Examples of compositional build-up of alkali-activated cementitious materials as a function of the quantity of the alkali and type of aluminosilicate component are reported, as well as the findings of analysis of alkali-activated cement concrete structures.
Keywords
Alkaline activation, aluminosilicate, cement, concrete, durability, hydration products, terminology
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