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Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology 1/2015
Vol. 6, No. 1 · March 2015
The Role of Bioinorganics in Improving the Mechanical Properties of Silicate Ceramics as Bone Regenerative Materials
H. Mohammadi, M. Sepantafar, M. Sepantafar, A. Ostadrahimi
Pages 1-8 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2014-00043
One of the important parameters in bone regeneration is the mechanical properties. The calcium-silicate-based ceramics (Ca-Si) have shown great potential as orthopedic biomaterials, however, they are brittle. The addition of trace elements such as magnesium (Mg2+) or zinc (Zn2+) to the silicate biomaterials has been used to overcome this complication. In this review paper, we investigate the effects of adding different trace elements to improve the mechanical properties of silicate-based ceramics as bone regenerative materials.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of ZnAlGaO4 and the Effect of the Post-Heat Treatment on the Enhancement in Crystallinity
K. Sakoda, M. Hirano
Pages 9-16 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2014-00031
Spinel-type nanoparticles with a ZnAlGaO4 composition were directly synthesized from the aqueous precursor solutions of ZnSO4, Al(NO3)3 and Ga(NO3)3 under hydrothermal conditions at 150 ∼ 240 °C for 5 h in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The resulting changes in the structure and properties of as-prepared ZnAlGaO4 spinel in the course of heating in air up to 1000 °C were investigated. The cell size of the as-prepared spinel phase slightly decreased as the hydrothermal treatment temperature increased from 150 to 240 °C. The nano-sized crystallite at around 8 nm of as-prepared spi …
Evolution of the Fibre-Matrix Interactions in Basalt-Fibre-Reinforced Geopolymer-Matrix Composites after Heating
M. Welter, M. Schmücker, K.J.D. MacKenzie
Pages 17-24 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2014-00034
The evolution of fibre-matrix interactions in basalt-fibre-reinforced geopolymer matrix composites after heating to 600, 800 and 1000 °C was investigated by means of SEM, EDS and XRD analyses. The basalt fibres showed no significant interfacial interaction up to 600 °C. The appearance of the fracture surfaces also remained largely unchanged. At higher temperatures, crystallisation reactions within the fibres and the Na-geopolymer matrix, respectively, could be observed along with an increasing embrittlement of the composite. Softening of the fibres and the development of several distinct react …
A High-Temperature, Short-Duration Method of Fabricating Surrogate Fuel Microkernels for Carbide-Based TRISO Nuclear Fuels
G. Vasudevamurthy, A. Radecka, C. Massey
Pages 25-30 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2014-00041
High-temperature gas-cooled reactor technology is a frontrunner among generation IV nuclear reactor designs. Among the advanced nuclear fuel forms proposed for these reactors, dispersion-type fuel consisting of microencapsulated uranium di-oxide kernels, popularly known as tri-structural isotropic (TRISO) fuel, has emerged as the fuel form of choice. Generation IV gas-cooled fast reactors offer the benefit of recycling nuclear waste with increased burn-ups in addition to producing the required power and hydrogen. Uranium carbide has shown great potential to replace uranium di-oxide for use in …
Fine Grinding of Bioceramics for Knee Implants with Elastically Bonded Abrasives: Process Modeling and Validation
A. Müller, B. Denkena
Pages 31-40 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2014-00024
In recent years, there has been steady growth in the application of complex-shaped joint replacement implants and wear-resistant ceramics as implant material. The challenge of implant production remains finishing to an average surface roughness of 20 nm. Tools with elastically bonded diamonds combine grinding and loose abrasive polishing to achieve a high finish with low material removal and thus high shape accuracy – a so-called fine grinding process. This work addresses the working principle of elastic diamond tools in the fine grinding process and the influence of process parameters on the …
Effects of Annealing Temperature on Infrared Spectra of SiO2 Extracted From Rice Husk
M. H. Shahrokh Abadi, A. Delbari, Z. Fakoor, J. Baedi
Pages 41-46 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2014-00028
The effects of the annealing temperature on the structures and quantities of silicon dioxide obtained from rice husk by means of thermal treatment followed by acid leaching were studied with infrared transmission in the wavenumber range 400 – 4000 cm-1. The Fourier Transform Infrared Radiometer (FTIR) spectra of five series of samples including rice husk, rice husk ash burnt at 800 °C, and rice husk ash annealed at 900, 1000, and 1100 °C were analyzed and compared. It was demonstrated that the main absorption Si-O-Si bending band shifts towards lower wavenumbers while the peaks of stretching a …
New Approach Identifying Corrosion Effects besides Standardized Materials Testing
V. Hopp, A. Masoudi, A. Sax, P. Quirmbach
Pages 47-54 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2014-00039
The corrosion resistance of waterglass-based putties is influenced considerably by the alkali modulus. The acid resistance of such putties is currently tested according to the standard DIN EN 993 – 16 and described by means of the measured change in weight. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), a testing procedure to define the viscoelastic behavior of plastic materials, has brought about new findings on evaluation of the influence of the alkali modulus and the kind of damage resulting from corrosion caused by acids, with regard to mechanical behavior. Both applied test methods have revealed two …
Hysteresis upon Repeated Cycling through the Beta-Alpha Cristobalite Transformation
R. C. Breneman, J. W. Halloran
Pages 55-62 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2014-00048
Beta-to-alpha transformation in cristobalite was examined by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to address how enthalpy, transformation hysteresis, and transformation onset temperature change upon repeated thermal cycling. Cristobalite powder was repeatedly cycled from 190 – 280 °C and back, cycling through the first-order displacive transformation between high-temperature, cubic beta-cristobalite and low-temperature, tetragonal alpha-cristobalite. The enthalpy of the transformation did not change with cycling, but the exothermic beta-to-alpha enthalpy at 1560 ± 27 J/mol was larg …
Pressureless Sintering of Luminescent CaAlSiN3:Eu Ceramics
I. Pricha, W. Rossner, R. Moos
Pages 63-68 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2014-00047
CaAlSiN3:Eu powder compacts were pressureless-sintered in a nitrogen atmosphere between 1400 and 1800 °C. The sintering behavior and the dependence of the luminescence properties on the sintering temperature were investigated. It is shown for the first time that it is possible to sinter CaAlSiN3:Eu ceramics that efficiently emit light starting from a micrometer-sized phosphor powder optimized for high luminescence efficiency. The maximum densities of the ceramics were achieved at ≥ 1700 °C and are limited to 80 % of the solid-state density owing to inhomogeneities of the powder compacts caused …
Effect of Electrospun Alumina Nanofibers Incorporation in Ceramic Glaze
E. Carneiro, P. Sá, B. Almeida, C. A. Pinto, , J. P. Mendonça, S. Carvalho
Pages 69-74 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2014-00042
Al2O3 nanofibers were produced with the electrospinning technique based on a precursor solution of PVP with aluminum 2,4-pentanedionate. After fiber deposition onto ceramic specimens, specimens were calcinated at a maximum temperature of 1400 °C, similar to the manufacturing temperature of commercially available whitewares. Structural and morphological characterization of the produced alumina nanofibers was performed as well as a vast mechanical characterization of ceramic glazed specimens with incorporated nanofibers. Without any significant alteration in the aesthetics properties of the glaz …
