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Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology 2/2026

Vol. 17, No. 2 · June 2026

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Er, Cr:YSGG and Nd:YAG Laser Surface Treatment of Lithium Disilicate Ceramics: SEM, EDX Analysis and Composite Bond Strength Evaluation

D.H.M. El Azzouni

Pages 151-158 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2025-00035

This study is an evaluation of the impact of pre-treatment regimes –  Hydrofluoric Acid (HFA), Neodymium-doped Yttrium-Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG), and Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser – on the surface roughness (Ra), topography, and repair bond strength (RBS) of lithium disilicate ceramics (LDC) with micro-hybrid composite (MHC), having high-viscosity, and an injectable composite (IC) with low-viscosity. Ninety LDC disks were fabricated. The discs were divided into three groups according to surface pretreatment (n = 30 each). Group 1: HFA, Group 2: ErCr:YSGG, …

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Cotton-Templated, Defect-Engineered LaFeO₃ Ceramics Coupled with MXene for Low-Temperature, Selective NO₂ Sensing

Yikun Wang, Wei Zhao, Yang Chen

Pages 139-150 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2025-00028

This study reports on the rational design of a high-performance, low-temperature nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensor with a multi-scale material engineering strategy that integrates cotton-templated morphology control, oxygen vacancy defect engineering, and MXene heterostructuring. Porous LaFeO3 ceramics synthesized via cotton biotemplating exhibited a fourfold increase in surface area (65.8 m²/g) compared with pristine LaFeO3 (15.2 m²/g), while controlled reducing-atmosphere calcination induced a high oxygen vacancy fraction of 25.3 %, as confirmed by XPS analysis. Coupling defect-engineered La …

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Lead-Free KNN Piezoelectric Stack Actuators for Semi-Active Suspension Control: Correlating Fabrication, Microstructure, and Electromechanical Performance

Yan Duan

Pages 167-178 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2025-00040

This study reports on the design, processing, and functional assessment of Li/Sb/Ta-modified (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 ceramics targeted for environmentally compliant high-force actuators in automotive vibration management. Ten compositions were synthesized on the basis of solid-state reaction with sintering between 1 050 and 1 150 °C, and multi-scale characterization combined in situ high-temperature XRD, SEM, HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, EBSD, BET analysis, dielectric spectroscopy, and impedance measurements with actuator-level electromechanical testing. Compositional tuning established an orthorho …

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In-Situ Synthesis of ZrB₂-SiC Composite Powders: A Review of Processing-Sintering Relationships

Yutong Niu

Pages 107-120 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2025-00025

Zirconium diboride-silicon carbide (ZrB2-SiC) composites are leading candidates for ultra-high temperature applications due to their exceptional thermal, mechanical, and oxidation resistance properties. This review critically analyzes in-situ synthesis strategies – namely boro/carbothermal reduction, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), sol-gel, and polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) routes – and their impact on powder morphology, phase homogeneity, and sintering behavior. Each method presents a distinct trade-off between scalability, purity, and nanostructural control. The subsequent …

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Additive Manufacturing of Zirconia and Its Clinical Applications in Dentistry

Mengzhe Cai, Bingjie Wang, Tingting Cao, Luyi Chai

Pages 121-138 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2025-00032

The emergence of additive manufacturing (AM) has catalyzed a paradigm shift in the fabrication of dental zirconia restorations, challenging the long-standing dominance of subtractive manufacturing (SM) methods. AM techniques – including vat photopolymerization, material extrusion, and binder jetting – offer unprecedented design freedom, near-net-shape fabrication, and reduced material waste, enabling the production of complex, patient-specific restorations. Unlike milling, which relies on standardized industrial blanks, AM defines material properties through a process-dependent workflow encomp …

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Composition-Dependent Phase Evolution of Reactive-Sintered AlON

Shuixian Yang, Shuixian Yang, Xiaojian Mao, Run Tian, Jian Zhang, Shiwei Wang

Pages 159-166 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2025-00038

Based on an investigation of the reactive sintering behavior of Al2O3-AlN up to 1 950 °C, a comprehensive framework is established for understanding the multi-stage reactive sintering process of AlON ceramics. The process comprises four distinct stages: (1) initial densification dominated by Al2O3 sintering, during which preferential Al2O3 grain growth delays AlON formation; (2) formation of a nitrogen-rich AlON solid solution, accompanied by lattice and volumetric expansion; (3) dissolution of residual Al2O3 into the AlON lattice, together with lattice contraction and volumetric shrinkage; (4 …

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