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Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology 4/2017
Vol. 8, No. 4 · January 2018
An Overview of the Functional Ceramic and Composite Materials for Microbiological Fuel Cells
This review covers the contemporary state of a problem concerning the selection and usage of ceramic materials for fabricating the basic functional components (anode, cathode and membrane-separator) of microbiological fuel cells (MFCs). Electrogenesis on the surface of electrodes prepared from ceramic materials is analysed. The electrochemical and catalytic processes taking place on the surface of ceramic and composite electrode materials, functions and peculiarities of the membrane-separator structure and conductivity are evaluated in detail for the first time. The advantages and drawbacks of …
Effect of Alumina-Coated Graphite (ACG) on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3-C Refractories
X. Xu, Y. Li, Q. Wang, S. Sang, L. Pan
Pages 455-462 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2016-00079
Alumina-coated graphite (ACG) was prepared by soaking expanded graphite (EG) in an AlCl3 solution with vacuum impregnation. The graphite was then filtered, dried and treated in a coke bed at 400 – 1000 °C. The ACG was incorporated into Al2O3-C refractories, partly or completely replacing EG. The results showed that the alumina coating on the graphite was effective and delayed the oxidation behavior of the expanded graphite. It also allowed the structure of the graphite to survive largely intact at high temperatures as it had been incorporated into the Al2O3-C refractories while there were fewe …
Dielectric Properties of Gel-Calcined Cd-Zn Oxide Nanocomposites
A. De, S. Kundu
Pages 463-470 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2017-00008
Cd-Zn oxide nanocomposites have been synthesized with a novel yet simple sol-gel technique. Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and Cd(NO3)2·4H2O were used as starting materials and the concentration of Cd was varied as follows: 5, 10, 15 and 20 atom%. Gels were calcined at 500 °C for 2 h to obtain nanocomposite. Thermogravimetric analysis was applied to monitor the process. XRD analysis revealed the presence of polycrystalline phases of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO and cubic CdO. FESEM, TEM studies indicated development of nanocomposites of nearly spherical shapes. The high dielectric constant values of the nanocomposit …
Evaluation of Rheological and Thermal Behavior of Ceramic Materials during Liquid Phase Sintering with Numerical-Experimental Procedure
E. Salahi, H. Yaghoubi, F. Taati
Pages 471-484 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2017-00019
Its shear and bulk viscosity, as well as dynamic viscosity, describe the rheological behavior of a ceramic body during liquid-phase sintering. The thermal behavior of a ceramic body during sintering, including viscous flow deformation, anisotropic shrinkage, heterogeneous densification, has a significant influence on both the final body\'s dimensional precision and the densification process. In this paper, the numerical-experimental method was developed to study both the rheological and thermal behavior of hard porcelain ceramic body during the liquid phase sintering process. After analysis of …
The Role of Pore-Formers on Grain Interior and Grain Boundary Conductivity in Tape-Cast Porous Sheets for Electrochemical Flue Gas Purification
C. Grings Schmidt, K.B. Andersen, E. Stamate, A. Kaiser, K. Kammer Hansen
Pages 485-492 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2017-00024
Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO) electrolytes for electrochemical flue gas purification were fabricated by means of tape casting with different types, shapes and sizes of pore-formers. The sintered bodies were characterized with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, to investigate the role of the different pore-formers on the electrochemical properties of the cast tapes. A strong effect of the different pore-formers on the conductivity (both grain interior and grain boundary conductivities) was observed. In addition, the conductivity data were also correlated with previously obtained gas permeability d …
The Interaction of Stacking Faults and the Doping of Si in TiC
Q. Liu, F.G. Qi, X.L. Wang, H.M. Ding, Y. Shi
Pages 493-498 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2017-00027
In this work, the interaction of stacking faults and the doping of Si in TiC has been studied. It has been found that the SFs and doping of Si influence each other, but the effect is limited. However, both of them are closely related to the carbon vacancies. It is considered that the carbon vacancies simultaneously promote the formation of SFs and the doping of Si, and then the doped Si and carbon vacancies tend to segregate in the SF layers, which can result in the formation of Ti3SiC2 platelets. And the segregation process can be enhanced by their easier diffusion in the SF layers.
Effects of Sintering Time on Microstructure and Properties of Alumina Foam Ceramics
Z. Chu, Z. Chu, C. Jia, C. Jia, J. Liu, J. Liu, R. Ding, R. Ding, G. Yuan
Pages 499-504 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2017-00028
As heat insulating materials, alumina foam ceramics possess many advantages such as low thermal conductivity, high thermostability, good wear resistance, high hardness, and excellent resistance to corrosion. In this paper, a high-alumina foam ceramic was prepared with the gel-foaming method using aluminum dihydrogen phosphate as gel, and alumina fibers as reinforcing component. The effects of sintering time on phase components, fiber surface morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the samples were investigated. It was found that C-AlPO4 with higher temperature stability demons …
Tricalcium Phosphate Nanostructures Loaded with Bisphosphonate as Potential Anticancer Agents
M. Rahmanian, S.M. Naghib, A. Seyfoori, A.A. Zare, A.A. Zare, K. Majidzadeh-A, K. Majidzadeh-A, L. Farahmand, L. Farahmand
Pages 505-512 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2017-00029
Nanostructured calcium phosphate carriers are emerging as a bisphosphonate delivery system that has demonstrated inhibitory effects in preventing bone metastasis, thereby improving the treatment of breast cancer. In this research, the inhibitory effect of loaded zoledronic acid (ZA) in tricalcium phosphate nanostructures (TCPNs) synthesized with the co-precipitation method was investigated. The results of microstructural analysis indicated that the sintering temperature has a slight influence on the synthesized crystallite size. The sintered crystallite size of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) at 80 …
In-Situ Synthesis and Formation Mechanism of Al2O3-Spinel(N) Composite in Nitrogen Atmosphere under Low Oxygen Partial Pressure
S. Tong, Y. Li, J. Zhao, M. Yan, Y. Hong, Q. Zheng
Pages 513-518 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2017-00030
Al2O3-spinel-containing nitrogen element composite, abbreviated as Al2O3-spinel(N) composite, was prepared using white corundum, sintered magnesia and active α-Al2O3 powder as raw materials, with magnesium aluminate sol as a binder, and fired at 1600 °C for 4 h in a nitrogen atmosphere with low oxygen partial pressure. The prepared Al2O3-spinel(N) composite was characterized and analyzed by means of XRD, SEM, and EDS and the mechanism for the formation of the spinel(N) was further investigated. The results show that in nitrogen atmosphere with low oxygen partial pressure, Al2O3-spinel(N) compo …
Effect of Nb Doping on Crystalline Orientation, Electric and Fatigue Properties of PZT Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Process
Q. Li, X. Wang, F. Wang, J. Dou, W. Xu, H. Zou
Pages 519-524 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2017-00031
Pb(NbxZr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PNZT) (x = 0 %, 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %) thin films were prepared in a sol-gel process to investigate the effects of Nb doping on the crystalline orientation, electric and fatigue properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses showed that PNZT films with Nb doping concentration below 5 % exhibited a dense perovskite structure with (100) preferred orientation. The maximum dielectric constant was obtained in 4 % Nb-doped PZT film with a precision impedance analyzer. Remnant polarization and fatigue …
Mechanical Properties of Zirconia Y-TZP Core Veneered for Dentistry Applications
C.N. Elias, H.E.S. dos Santos, M. Garbossa, C. dos Santos
Pages 525-530 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2017-00032
The objective of this work is to compare the mechanical properties of sintered yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) micro- and nano-particles, and evaluate the influence of a layer of veneer aesthetic ceramic (annealing from 600 °C to 935 °C, surface finishing) on Y-TZP mechanical properties. The specimens were cut from four Y-TZP pre-sintered blocks, sintered, polished and coated with feldspathic ceramic. One experimental Y-TZP block was made with Y-TZP nano-particles and three commercially available blocks were made with Y-TZP micro-particles from different companies (ProtMat, …
Laser-Induced Slip Casting (LIS) – a New Additive Manufacturing Process for Dense Ceramics Demonstrated with Si3N4
J. Lüchtenborg, T. Mühler, F. Léonard, J. Günster
Pages 531-540 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2017-00091
Up to now, there exists a lack of methods for the additive manufacturing of voluminous ceramic parts with properties comparable to those of conventionally manufactured ones. A high density after sintering is needed to reach the superior properties of ceramic materials. We have developed a new additive manufacturing method, Laser-Induced Slip casting (LIS), to generate ceramic green bodies with high particle packing density and with virtually no restriction in the particle size of the feedstock, especially in terms of small particles. This is achieved by laser-induced local drying of slurries, …
Mechanical and Biological Properties of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffold depending on Different Nanoparticle Fabrication Methods
M.-H. Hong, S.-M. Kim, Y.-K. Lee
Pages 541-546 · DOI: 10.4416/JCST2017-00033
Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) is widely used as biomaterial for bone regeneration because of its favourable bioactivity and bioresorption property when compared to hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate on their own. Two types of BCP are available in orthopedics and dentistry: chemically synthesized BCP (C-BCP) and mechanically mixed BCP (M-BCP). In this study, the mechanical and biological properties of these two types of BCP scaffold were compared. The scaffolds were characterized based on an evaluation of their surface morphology by means of SEM, and their compressive strength was det …
