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Recent Advances in Poly(ether Ketone) and its Composites for Orthopedic Implant Applications
Tengpeng Li1, Jing Liu2
1 Pingliang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Pingliang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital) Orthopedics, 74400, China
2 Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery, Pingliang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Pingliang, 74400, China
received April 30, 2025, received in revised form June 19, 2025, accepted July 17, 2025
Vol. 16, No. 4, Pages 219-238 DOI: 10.4416/JCST2025-00012
Abstract
Orthopedic implants have experienced significant evolution in recent decades, with polyether ether ketone (PEEK) emerging as a promising alternative to traditional metallic materials. This comprehensive review examines the latest developments in PEEK and its composites for orthopedic applications, focusing on material properties, manufacturing technologies, and clinical implementations. The mechanical properties of PEEK, particularly its elastic modulus similar to cortical bone, make it ideal for reducing stress shielding effects. While pure PEEK exhibits excellent biocompatibility and chemical stability, its bioinert nature presents challenges for osseointegration. Recent advances in surface modification strategies and composite development, including hydroxyapatite/PEEK and carbon fiber/PEEK systems, have significantly enhanced both biological and mechanical performance. The emergence of additive manufacturing technologies, specifically Fused Filament Fabrication and Selective Laser Sintering, has revolutionized the production of patient-specific PEEK implants. Clinical applications spanning spinal fusion devices, joint replacements, and cranial implants have demonstrated promising outcomes, with studies showing fusion rates exceeding 90 % in spinal applications. This review also addresses current challenges in manufacturing optimization, quality control, and regulatory compliance, while highlighting future directions in smart composite development and therapeutic capabilities. The integration of novel bioactive materials and advanced manufacturing techniques continues to expand the potential of PEEK-based implants in orthopedic medicine.
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Keywords
Osseointegration, biomechanical properties, surface modification, additive manufacturing, clinical outcomes
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