Articles
All articles | Recent articles
Effect of Pretreatment Methods and Composite Repair Materials on the Repair Bond Strength of Resin Nanoceramics: An In Vitro SEM Analysis
S.A. Alqahtani1, A.Y. Alsaeed2, M.H.D. Al Wadei3, S. Shafqat4, R. Batool5, K. Bhutto6
1 Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry King Khalid University.
2 Department: Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
4 Graduate Research Assistant at the University of Memphis. USA.
5 Community and Preventive Dentistry, Dow International Dental College.
6 Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University.
received February 14, 2025, received in revised form May 13, 2025, accepted May 18, 2025
Vol. 16, No. 4, Pages 239-245 DOI: 10.4416/JCST2025-00003
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of different conditioning regimes, that is diamond bur (DB) grinding, sandblasting (SB), and Er, Cr: YSGG laser (ECL) at different pulse modes (long and short), on the surface roughness (Ra) and repair bond strength (RBS) of resin nanoceramics (RNCs) to different viscosity composites.
METHODS 104 RNC discs were prepared and classified into four groups based on the surface pretreatment protocol (n = 26) Group 1 DB, Group 2 SB, Group 3 (ECL-short pulse), and Group 4 (ECL-long pulse). Five discs from each group underwent Ra assessment. SEM was used to assess the surface topographic changes. Twenty samples from each cohort were divided into two subgroups based on the composite types: micro-hybrid composite and low-viscosity injectable composite. ANOVA and Tukey HSD test were used to analyze the statistical difference among different groups tested for Ra and RBS.
RESULTS The highest value for Ra was observed in the SB group. The lowest Ra was indicated in the ECL-long pulse group. Maximum RBS was observed in Group 2B (SB+Injectable). The lowest scores were displayed by Group 4A (ECL (long pulse)+micro hybrid)
CONCLUSION SB and ECL along with low-viscosity injectable composite can be considered suitable surface conditioners and restorative materials for repairing fractured resin nano-ceramic.
Download Full Article (PDF)
Keywords
Diamond bur, sandblasting (SB), surface roughness, repair bond strength, SEM
References
1 Ruse, N.D., Sadoun, M.J.: Resin-composite blocks for dental CAD/CAM applications, J. Dent. Res., 93, [12], 1232 – 1234, (2014).
2 Blatz, M.B., Conejo, J.: The current state of chairside digital dentistry and materials, Dent. Clin. North Am., 63, [2], 175 – 197, (2019).
3 Suksuphan, P., Krajangta, N., Didron, P.P., Wasanapiarnpong, T., Rakmanee, T.: Marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of milled and 3D-printed CAD/CAM hybrid dental crown materials with various occlusal thicknesses, J. Prosthodont. Res., 68, [2], 326 – 335, (2024).
4 Yli-Urpo, T., Lassila, L., Närhi, T., Vallittu, P.: Occlusal veneers and load-bearing capacity of a restored tooth, Int. J. Prosthodont., 0, [0], 1 – 19, (2024).
5 Albero, A., Pascual, A., Camps, I., Grau-Benitez, M.: Comparative characterization of a novel cad-cam polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network, J. Clin. Exp. Dent., 7, [4], e495 – e500, (2015).
6 Mainjot, A.K., Dupont, N.M., Oudkerk, J.C., Dewael, T.Y., Sadoun, M.J.: From artisanal to CAD-CAM Blocks: state of the art of indirect composites, J. Dent. Res., 95, [5], 487 – 495, (2016).
7 Jung, S.N., Rüttermann, S.: Influence of mechanical and chemical pre-treatments on the repair of a hybrid ceramic, Dent. Mater., [Internet], 38, [7], 1140 – 1148, (2022).
8 Kim, J.E., Kim, J.H., Shim, J.S., Roh, B.D., Shin, Y.: Effect of air-particle pressures on the surface topography and bond strengths of resin cement to the hybrid ceramics, Dent. Mater. J., 36, [4], 454 – 460, (2017).
9 Campos, F., Almeida, C.S., Rippe, M.P., De Melo, R.M., Valandro, L.F., Bottino, M.A.: Resin bonding to a hybrid ceramic: effects of surface treatments and aging, Oper. Dent., 41, [2], 171 – 178, (2016).
10 Guarda, G.B., Correr, A.B., Gonçalves, L.S.: Effects of surface treatments, thermocycling, and cyclic loading on the bond strength of a resin cement bonded to a lithium disilicate glass ceramic, Oper. Dent., 38, [2], 208 – 217, [2013).
11 Yu, M.-K., Oh, E.-J., Lim, M.-J., Lee, K.-W.: Change of phase transformation and bond strength of Y-TZP with various hydrofluoric acid etching, Restor. Dent. Endod., 46, [4], (2021).
12 Subaşi, M.G., Demir, N., Kara, Ö., Nilgun Ozturk, A., Özel, F.: Mechanical properties of zirconia after different surface treatments and repeated firings, J. Adv. Prosthodont., 6, [6], 462 – 467, (2014).
13 Cekic-Nagas, I., Ergun, G., Egilmez, F., Vallittu, P.K., Lassila, L.V.J.: Micro-shear bond strength of different resin cements to ceramic/glass-polymer CAD-CAM block materials, J. Prosthodont. Res., 60, [4], 265 – 273, (2016).
14 Alp, G., Subaşı, M.G., Johnston, W.M., Yilmaz, B.: Effect of different resin cements and surface treatments on the shear bond strength of ceramic-glass polymer materials, J. Prosthet. Dent., 120, [3], 454 – 461, (2018).
15 Kim, H.K., Ahn, B.: Effect of Al2O3 sandblasting particle size on the surface topography and residual compressive stresses of three different dental zirconia grades, Materials (Basel), 14, [3], 1 – 19, (2021).
16 Valverde, G.B., Coelho, P.G., Janal, M.N.: Surface characterisation and bonding of Y-TZP following non-thermal plasma treatment, J. Dent., 41, [1], 51 – 59, (2013).
17 Bulut, A., Bala, O., Akgül, S.: The effect of different treatment protocols on shear bond strength in resin composite restoration repair, BMC Oral Health, 24, [1], 1279, (2024).
18 Sinha, I.: Adhesive cementation of ceramic Restorations: A comprehensive review, INNOSC Theranostics Pharmacol. Sci., 6, [1], 28 – 34, (2023).
19 Vohra, F., Labban, N., Al-Hussaini, A., et al.: Influence of Er;Cr:YSGG laser on shear bond strength and color stability of lithium disilicate Ceramics: an In Vitro study, Photobiomodul., Photomed., Laser Surg., 37, [8], 483 – 488, (2019).
20 Maawadh, A.M., Almohareb, T., Al-Hamdan, R.S., et al.: Repair strength and surface topography of lithium disilicate and hybrid resin ceramics with LLLT and photodynamic therapy in comparison to hydrofluoric acid, J. Appl. Biomater. Funct. Mater., 18, (2020).
21 Degirmenci, A., Unalan Degirmenci, B.: Effects of er,Cr:YSGG laser surface treatments and composites with different viscosities on the repair bond strength of CAD/CAM resin nanoceramic, Polymers (Basel), 16, [15], 2212, (2024).
22 Soares, P.M., da Rosa, L.S., Pilecco, R.O.: Repair of monolithic zirconia restorations with different direct resin composites: effect on the fatigue bonding and mechanical performance, Clin. Oral Investig., 28, [2], (2024).
23 Zhang, Y.Y., Song, X.F., Guo, H.L.: Surface characteristics of dental resin nanoceramic in- vitro finishing with dental handpiece and rotary burs, Surf. Topogr. Metrol. Prop., 8, [2], (2020).
24 Fahim, S.Z., Ghali, R.M., Hashem, A.A., Farid, M.M.: The efficacy of 2780 nm er,Cr;YSGG and 940 nm diode laser in root canal disinfection: A randomized clinical trial, Clin. Oral Investig., 28, [3], (2024).
25 Alkhudhairy, F., Naseem, M., Bin-Shuwaish, M., Vohra, F.: Efficacy of Er Cr: YSGG laser therapy at different frequency and power levels on bond integrity of composite to bleached enamel, Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther., 22, 34 – 38, (2018).
26 Alkhudhairy, F., AlFawaz, Y.F.: Pretreatment of hybrid ceramics using Ho: YAG, low-level laser therapy activated malachite green, and non-thermal plasma on surface roughness, bond strength, and color change, SEM and EDX analysis, Ceramics, 7, [3], 944 – 957, (2024).
27 Peutzfeldt, A., Sahafi, A., Flury, S.: Bonding of restorative materials to dentin with various luting agents, Oper. Dent., 36, [3], 266 – 373, (2011).
28 Al-Saleh, S., Vohra, F., Alateeq, A.: Strength of fiber posts with experimental TiO2 and ZrO2 particle bonding —An SEM, EDX, rheometric and push-out strength study, Coatings, 12, [8], (2022).
29 Vohra, F., Alamri, R.R., Almohsen, F.O., El Mourad, A.M., Farooq, I., Alsaif, R.: Fiber post bonding with beta-tricalcium phosphate incorporated root dentin adhesive. SEM, EDX, FTIR, rheometric and bond strength study, Microsc. Res. Tech., 86, [7], 762 – 772, (2023).
30 Kirmali, O., Barutcigil, Ç., Ozarslan, M.M., Barutcigil, K., Harorli, O.T.: Repair bond strength of composite resin to sandblasted and laser-irradiated Y-TZP ceramic surfaces, Scanning, 3, [3], 186 – 192, (2015).
31 Liu, L., Liu, S., Song, X., Zhu, Q., Zhang, W.: Effect of Nd: YAG laser irradiation on surface properties and bond strength of zirconia ceramics, Lasers Med. Sci. [Internet], 30, [2], 627 – 634, (2015).
32 Kocaağaoğlu, H.H., Gürbulak, A.: An assessment of shear bond strength between ceramic repair systems and different ceramic infrastructures, Scanning, 37, [4], 300 – 305, (2015).
33 de Melo, R.M., Valandro, L.F., Bottino, M.A.: Microtensile bond strength of a repair composite to leucite-reinforced feldspathic ceramic, Braz. Dent. J., 18, [4], 314 – 319, (2007).
34 Elkassaby, A.A., Kandil, M.M., Alian, G.A.: The effect of repair protocols and chewing simulation on the microtensile bond strength of two resin matrix ceramics to composite resin, BMC Oral Health, 24, [1], 1 – 8 (2024).
35 Bahadir, H.S., Bayraktar, Y.: Evaluation of the repair capacities and color stabilities of a resin nanoceramic and hybrid CAD/CAM blocks, J. Adv. Prosthodont., 12, [3], 140 – 149, (2020).
36 Benetti, P., Della Bona, A., Kelly, J.R.: Evaluation of thermal compatibility between core and veneer dental ceramics using shear bond strength test and contact angle measurement, Dent. Mater., 26, [8], 743 – 750, (2010).
37 Hallmann, L., Mehl, A., Sereno, N., Hämmerle, C.H.F.: The improvement of adhesive properties of PEEK through different pre-treatments, Appl. Surf. Sci., 258, [18], 7213 – 7218, (2012).
38 Kanar, Ö., Meşeli, S., Korkut, B., Köken, S., Tağtekin, D., Yanıkoğlu, F.: Assessment of a highly-filled flowable composite for the repair of indirect composites, J. Oral Sci., 66, [1], 42 – 49, (2024).
39 Kemaloglu, H., Cay, O., Ercan Devrimci, E., Pamir, T.: Repair bond strength of a new self-adhesive composite resin to three different resin-matrix ceramic CAD-CAM materials, Dent. Mater. J. [Internet], 43, [2], 137 – 145, (2024).
40 Alkhudhairy, F., Neiva, G.F.: Effect of er, Cr: YSGG, Nd: YAG, and diode laser against different photosensitizers on tensile and shear bond strength of bonded composite to caries affected dentin, Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. [Internet], 27, [18], 8350 – 8359, (2023).
41 Alkhudhairy, F., AlRefeai, M.H.: Self-etch adhesive-loaded ZrO2/Ag3PO4 nanoparticles on caries-affected Dentin: A tensile bond strength, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, survival rate assessment of S. mutans, and degree of conversion analysis, Appl. Sci., 14, [2], 563, (2024).
42 Alkhudhairy, F.: Dentin conditioning using different laser prototypes (Er, Cr:YSGG; Er:YAG) on bond assessment of resin modified glass ionomer cement, J. Contemp. Dent. Pract. [Internet], 21, [4], 426 – 430, (2020).
Copyright
Göller Verlag GmbH
