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Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology

The Journal of Ceramic Science and Technology publishes original scientific articles on all topics of ceramic science and technology from all ceramic branches. The focus is on the scientific exploration of  the relationships between processing, microstructure and properties of sintered ceramic materials as well as on new processing routes for innovative ceramic materials. The papers may have either theoretical or experimental background. A high quality of publications will be guaranteed by a thorough double blind peer review process.

The Journal is published by Göller Verlag GmbH on behalf of the Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft (DKG). Edited by Yu-Ping Zeng, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

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Glaze surface Defects causes and Prevention Controls

E. Youssef1,2, N. Mostafa2, J.E. Khoury2, T. Merhej2, R. Lteif1

1 Unité de Technologie et Valorisation Alimentaire, Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Faculté des sciences, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Dekwaneh, B.P. 17 – 5208, Mar Mikhaël, Beirut, 1104 2020, Lebanon
2 Lecico Egypt (S.A.E), P.O. Box 358, Alexandria, Egypt

received Febuary 21, 2022, received in revised form October 20, 2022, accepted November 21, 2022

Vol. 14, No. 1, Pages 1-10   DOI: 10.4416/JCST2022-00003

Abstract

Glaze defects adversely affect the quality of sanitaryware pieces and occur in form of pinholes, crawling or crazing. Pinholes are caused by the migration of gas from the body, which is either trapped by the glaze or released at a later stage during the firing process leaving the glaze insufficient time to heal. Several factors increase the development of glaze pinholes like high glaze viscosity during firing, high surface tension, and improper grain size distribution of raw materials. The choice of suitable materials and adjustment of the glaze formula combined with the optimum firing conditions contribute to minimizing pinholes. Crawling happens when the molten glaze withdraws from the ceramic body during firing leaving bare patches on the ceramic body. It is caused by high surface tension in the melting glaze. To prevent crawling, it is necessary to control all the measures that reduce surface tension. In the case of both crazing and peeling, the eradication of problems relies on matching the thermal expansion characteristics of the body and glaze. Crazing can occur when the body absorbs water and expands so the thermal expansion coefficient should be controlled. This work summarizes the reasons for glaze surface defects based on the recently published research and the suggested practical remedies.

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Keywords

Ceramic, glaze defects, glaze pinholes, crawling, crazing

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