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Electric Field-Assisted Sintering of Gadolinium-Doped Ceria: Sintering and Grain Growth Kinetics
S. K. Sistla1, T. Mishra2, Y. Deng1, A. Kaletsch1, M. Bram2, C. Broeckmann1
1 Institute for Materials Applications in Mechanical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Augustinerbach 4, D-52062 Aachen, Germany
2 Institute of Energy and Climate Research IEK-1: Materials Synthesis and Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
received June 18, 2019, received in revised form August 17, 2019, accepted October 18, 2019
Vol. 11, No. 1, Pages 17-26 DOI: 10.4416/JCST2019-00045
Abstract
The densification and grain growth kinetics during field-assisted sintering of gadolinium-doped (10 mol%) ceria (GDC10) were analyzed by conducting isothermal sintering experiments. The model parameters, namely, a stress exponent of ∼ 2 and apparent activation energy of ∼ 260 kJ/mol for the densification have been determined experimentally. Subsequently, the grain growth has been described by a power law with an exponent of 2 and an activation energy of ∼ 200 kJ/mol. Such values suggest that the dominating densification mechanism combines both diffusion and dislocation motion. A numerical model has been utilized to predict the densification curves, which show a satisfactory fit with the experimental curves. Particularly, it has been shown that grain growth kinetics, explicitly, needs to be taken into account in the densification models, to accurately predict the shrinkage during sintering.
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Keywords
Field-assisted sintering technology (FAST), gadolinium-doped ceria, modeling, densification, grain growth
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