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Current State of Bioceramics
S.V. Dorozhkin
Kudrinskaja sq. 1 – 155, Moscow 123242, Russia
received March 23, 2018, received in revised form May 16, 2018, accepted July 13, 2018
Vol. 9, No. 4, Pages 353-370 DOI: 10.4416/JCST2018-00026
Abstract
In the late 1960s, strong interest grew in studying various types of ceramics as potential bone grafts thanks to their suitable biomechanical properties. A bit later, such synthetic biomaterials were termed bioceramics. Since then, there has been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that were just tolerated in the physiological environment, emphasis was shifted towards those able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones and tissues. Afterwards, based on selection of the appropriate chemical composition coupled with structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the bioceramic implants remained biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they should be resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now bioceramic scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are usually porous and often harbor various biomolecules and/or cells. This review describes the major types and properties of bioceramics suitable for tissue engineering.
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Keywords
Bioceramics, biomaterials, grafts, biomedical applications, tissue engineering
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