Articles
All articles | Recent articles
Interlaminar Shear Response of Carbon/Carbon in Torsion Tests
T. Krause1, R.S.M. Almeida2, E. Volkmann3, K. Tushtev2, D. Koch4, K. Rezwan2,5, G. Grathwohl2
1 Airbus Operations GmbH, D-21129 Hamburg, Germany.
2 Advanced Ceramics, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
3 OHB System AG, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
4 Institute of Structures and Design, German Aerospace Center, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
5 MAPEX - Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
received March 7, 2018, received in revised form May 7, 2018, accepted June 4, 2018
Vol. 9, No. 3, Pages 319-326 DOI: 10.4416/JCST2018-00021
Abstract
Ceramic matrix composites offer remarkable strength and toughness and are usually designed based on the stacking of fiber plies. These composites are susceptible to debonding of these plies, as their interlaminar strength is significantly lower than in direction of the fibers. In this study, the application of torsion tests for the measurement of the interlaminar shear strength was evaluated using carbon/carbon composites with different porosities. Results obtained with the proposed technique are in accordance with standard methods such as short-beam flexure or double-notched compression. In contrast to these other methods, the torsion test also allows accurate control of superimposed normal stresses on the designated shear plane. The response of the composite samples in loading situations with variable ratios of shear and normal stresses could then be evaluated, leading to failure envelope curves. Different interlaminar fracture mechanisms were discovered depending on the level of normal stress.
Download Full Article (PDF)
Keywords
Carbon fibers, ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), delamination, shear strength.
References
1 Whitney, J., Browning, C.: On short-beam shear tests for composite materials, Exp. Mech., 25, 294 – 300, (1985).
2 Casal, E., Granda, M., Bermejo, J., Bonhomme, J., Menéndez, R.: Influence of porosity on the apparent interlaminar shear strength of pitch-based unidirectional C-C composites, Carbon, 39, 73 – 82, (2001).
3 Fang, N.J.J., Chou, T.-W.: Characterization of interlaminar shear strength of ceramic matrix composites, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 76, 2539 – 2548, (1993).
4 Ünal, Ö., Bansal, N.P.: In-plane and interlaminar shear strength of a unidirectional Hi-nicalon fiber-reinforced celsian matrix composite, Ceram. Int., 28, 527 – 540, (2002).
5 Thielicke, B.: Determination of interlaminar shear strength of carbon-fibre-reinformed carbons with the compression-shear test in the temperature range between room temperature and 2 000 °C, in German, PhD thesis, Universität Karlsruhe, (1997).
6 Li, M., Matsuyama, R., Sakai, M.: Interlaminar shear strength of C/C-composites: The dependence on test methods, Carbon, 37, 1749 – 1757, (1999).
7 Melin, L.N., Neumeister, J.M.: Measuring constitutive shear behavior of orthotropic composites and evaluation of the modified iosipescu test, Compos. Struct., 76, 106 – 115, (2006).
8 Shi, Y., Tushtev, K., Koch, D.: Characterization of mechanical properties under shear load of a short-carbon-Fiber-reinforced C/SiC ceramic, J. Ceram. Sci. Technol., 6, 183 – 190, (2015).
9 Hahn, L., Ansorge, F., Bruckner-Foit, A.: Damage and failure behaviour of a woven C/SiC material, J. Mater. Sci., 32, 5467 – 5475, (1997).
10 Arcan, M., Hashin, Z., Voloshin, A.: A method to produce uniform plane-stress states with applications to fiber-reinforced materials, Exp. Mech., 18, 141 – 146, (1978).
11 Gan, K.W., Laux, T., Taher, S.T., Dulieu-Barton, J.M., Thomsen, O.T.: A novel fixture for determining the tension/compression-shear failure envelope of multidirectional composite laminates, Compos. Struct., 184, 662 – 673, (2018).
12 Ferraris, M., Ventrella, A., Salvo, M., Avalle, M., Pavia, F., Martin, E.: Comparison of shear strength tests on AV119 epoxy-joined carbon/carbon composites, Compos. Part B-Eng., 41, 182 – 191, (2010).
13 Ventrella, A., Salvo, M., Avalle, M., Ferraris, M.: Comparison of shear strength tests on AV119 epoxy-joined ceramics, J. Mater. Sci., 45, 4401 – 4405, (2010).
14 Ferraris, M., Ventrella, A., Salvo, M., Gross, D.: Shear Strength Measurement of AV119 Epoxy-Joined SiC by Different Torsion Tests, Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Tec., 11, 394 – 401, (2014).
15 Greven, B.C., Gross-Barsnick, S., Koppitz, T., et al.: Torsional shear strength of novel glass-ceramic composite sealants for solid oxide fuel cell stacks, Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Tec., 15, 286 – 295, (2018).
16 Kawai, N., Kotani, T., Kakimoto, Y., Sato, E.: Fracture behavior of silicon nitride ceramics under combined compression-torsion stresses analyzed by multiaxial fracture statistics, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 31, 1827 – 1833, (2011).
17 Nohut, S., Usbeck, A., Özcoban, H., Krause, D., Schneider, G.A.: Determination of the multiaxial failure criteria for alumina ceramics under tension-torsion test, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 30, 3339 – 3349, (2010).
18 Olsson, R.: A survey of test methods for multiaxial and out-of-plane strength of composite laminates, Compos. Sci. Technol., 71, 773 – 783, (2011).
19 Aoki, T., Ogasawara, T., Ishikawa, T.: Effects of normal stress on the off-axis mechanical behavior of a plain-woven C/C composite, Adv. Compos. Mater., 12, 123 – 137, (2003).
20 Goldberg, R.K., Carney, K.S.: Modeling the nonlinear, strain rate dependent deformation of woven ceramic matrix composites with hydrostatic stress effects included. In: Proceedings of the Eighth International LS-DYNA Users Conference, 2004.
21 Bernachy-Barbe, F., Gelebart, L., Bornert, M., Crepin, J., Sauder, C.: Anisotropic damage behavior of SiC/SiC composite tubes: multiaxial testing and damage characterization, Compos. Part A – Appl. Sci., 76, 281 – 288, (2015).
22 Shapovalov, K., Jacobsen, G.M., Alva, L., Truesdale, N., Deck, C.P., Huang, X.Y.: Strength of SiCf-SiCm composite tube under uniaxial and multiaxial loading, J. Nucl. Mater., 500, 280 – 294, (2018).
23 Abali, F., Pora, A., Shivakumar, K.: Modified short beam shear test for measurement of interlaminar shear strength of composites, J. Compos. Mater., 37, 453 – 464, (2003).
Copyright
Göller Verlag GmbH
