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Control of Polycondensation Reaction Generated from Different Metakaolins and Alkaline Solutions
A. Gharzouni1,2, I. Sobrados3, E. Joussein4, S. Baklouti2, S. Rossignol1
1 Science des Procédés Céramiques et de Traitements de Surface (SPCTS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle, 12 rue Atlantis, 87068 Limoges Cedex, France
2 Laboratoire de Chimie Industrielle, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
3 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
4 Université de Limoges, GRESE EA 4330, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
received June 2, 2017, received in revised form August 22, 2017, accepted August 30, 2017
Vol. 8, No. 3, Pages 365-376 DOI: 10.4416/JCST2017-00040
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to control the polycondensation reaction of various geopolymer samples based on six metakaolins and two potassium alkaline solutions with different reactivities. First, metakaolin characterization revealed three levels of reactivity, which increase essentially with the increase in the degree of purity, amorphous phase and water demand value. The formation of geopolymer samples was then investigated. In situ thermal analysis showed that depending on the metakaolin surface reactivity, the availability of dissolved species decreases the energy required for oligomer formation to approximately 1.8 kJ/mol. However, a highly reactive alkaline solution favors the dissolution and decreases this energy to approximately 0.6 kJ/mol, even in the case of low-reactive metakaolins. In addition, in situ FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the metakaolin impurities are responsible for the generation of several networks. However, the geopolymer network is favored in the case of a highly reactive alkaline solution. Further, structural information was obtained with in situ 27Al NMR. It was proven that the reactivity of metakaolin and, more significantly, the reactivity of alkaline solutions ensure higher conversion rates of Al(VI) and Al(V) species to Al(IV), which may reach 80 %. Better compressive strengths (> 60 MPa) were obtained for high conversion rates.
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Keywords
Metakaolin, alkaline solution, kinetics, oligomer formation, 27Al NMR
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