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Electric-Field-Induced Phase Transition in Mn-Doped (K0.48Na0.48Li0.04)NbO3 Lead-Free Ceramics
H.E. Mgbemere1, G.A. Schneider2, L. Schmitt3, M. Hinterstein4
1 Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos Nigeria
2 Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany
3 Material- und Geowissenschaften,Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
4 Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
received September 20, 2016, received in revised form November 7, 2016, accepted December 16, 2016
Vol. 8, No. 1, Pages 45-52 DOI: 10.4416/JCST2016-00074
Abstract
In situ applied-electric-field high-resolution X-ray diffraction has been used to study the field-induced response of Mn-doped (K0.48Na0.48Li0.04)NbO3 (KNN-L) ceramics produced using the conventional mixed-oxide processing route. Ferroelectric domains are observed with transmission electron microscopy with indications of nano-segregation of Mn. Rietveld refinement (FULLPROF Suite) is used to refine the diffraction patterns, and a phase change from orthorhombic symmetry with space group Amm2 to tetragonal symmetry with space group P4mm is observed when the applied field exceeds 1.4 kV/mm. Phase coexistence between the two phases is also observed at applied fields between 1.2 kV/mm and 1.3 kV/mm with possible implications of being the coercive field EC value of the sample. A better understanding of the structural behaviour of this type of lead-free ceramics will lead to improvements in their piezoelectric and electromechanical properties.
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Keywords
Keywords: (KxNa1-x)NbO3, high resolution, X-ray diffraction, electric field, lead-free ceramics
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