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Thermal Shock and Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Carbon-Reduced and Carbon-Free Refractories
A. Böhm1, S. Dudczig2, J. Fruhstorfer2, A. Mertke2, C.G. Aneziris2, J. Malzbender1
1 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK - 2, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
2 TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Ceramic, Glass and Construction Materials, Agricolastraße 17, D-09596 Freiberg, Germany
received December 4, 2015, received in revised form February 1, 2016, accepted February 20, 2016
Vol. 7, No. 2, Pages 155-164 DOI: 10.4416/JCST2015-00081
Abstract
The thermal shock behaviour of novel carbon-reduced refractories with maximum grain size of 1 mm was investigated. A wedge splitting test for small specimen geometries (max. 40 × 40 × 20 mm3) was successfully implemented with different loading configurations to determine "work of fracture" and thermal shock parameters. Additionally, heating-up thermal shock tests were performed with an electron beam facility. The addition of 2.5 wt% ZrO2 and TiO2 to Al2O3 refractories appears to improve their thermal shock resistance due to microstructural changes that reduce brittleness and inhibit critical crack growth. However, a phase transition of ZrO2 affects the properties at elevated temperature. For another pure alumina refractory, no geometry-independent value for the work of fracture could be obtained for the sample geometry used, which is probably related to the formation of a large interaction zone of the fracture surfaces. Al2O3-C materials with addition of semi-conductive Si and nanoparticles revealed a strong effect of the pressing direction on the work of fracture. However, the thermal shock parameter R'''' was hardly affected by the different additives. Furthermore, thermal shock tests using the electron beam facility JUDITH 1 did not indicate any significant differences in the damage pattern of the different Al2O3-C materials.
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Keywords
Ceramics, refractories, thermal shock, wedge splitting test, electron beam
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