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Practical Colloidal Processing of Multication Ceramics
N.S. Bell1, T.C. Monson2, C. DiAntonio3, Y. Wu4
1 Sandia National Laboratories, 01815 – Advanced Materials Lab, PO Box 5800 MS1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA
2 Sandia National Laboratories, 01124 – Nanoscale Sciences, PO Box 5800 MS1415, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA
3 Sandia National Laboratories, 02734 – Ferroelectric Neutron Generator and Tube Lifecycle Engineering, PO Box 5800 MS0958, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA
4 Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering New York State College of Ceramics, Alfred University, 2 Pine Street, Alfred, NY 14802 – 1296, USA
received June 12, 2015, received in revised form August 7, 2015, accepted September 7, 2015
Vol. 7, No. 1, Pages 1-28 DOI: 10.4416/JCST2015-00025
Abstract
The use of colloidal processing principles in the formation of ceramic materials is well appreciated for developing homogeneous material properties in sintered products, enabling novel forming techniques for porous ceramics or 3D printing, and controlling microstructure to enable optimized material properties. The solution processing of electronic ceramic materials often involves multiple cationic elements or dopants to affect microstructure and properties. Material stability must be considered through the steps of colloidal processing to optimize desired component properties. This review provides strategies for preventing material degradation in particle synthesis, milling processes, and dispersion, with case studies of consolidation using spark plasma sintering of these systems. The prevention of multication corrosion in colloidal dispersions can be achieved by utilizing conditions similar to the synthesis environment or by the development of surface passivation layers. The choice of dispersing surfactants can be related to these surface states, which are of special importance for nanoparticle systems. A survey of dispersant chemistries related to some common synthesis conditions is provided for perovskite systems as an example. These principles can be applied to many colloidal systems related to electronic and optical applications.
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Keywords
Colloids, ceramic processing, dispersions, spark plasma sintering
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