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Additive Manufacturing of Ceramics: A Review

J. Deckers¹, J. Vleugels², J.-P. Kruth¹

¹ KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, division PMA, Celestijnenlaan 300, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
² KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 bus 2450, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium

received August 14, 2014, received in revised form October 06, 2014, accepted November 03, 2014

Vol. 5, No. 4, Pages 245-260   DOI: 10.4416/JCST2014-00032

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) of ceramics is coming to an aera where the first industrial applications are becoming economically profitable. This review paper provides a survey of AM methods reported in literature to shape ceramic components. It demonstrates that AM has produced ceramic parts that have no cracks or large pores and have mechanical properties close to those of conventionally produced ceramics. Crack- and pore-free ceramics can be manufactured by optimizing the AM process parameters or performing extra densification steps after the AM process. It is also advisable to incorporate colloidal processing techniques in the AM process. Finally, the paper demonstrates that, especially for AM of ceramics, the multi-step indirect AM processes are more appropriate to shape different types of ceramics, while the single-step direct AM processes can produce ceramic parts more rapidly.

Keywords

Additive manufacturing, ceramics, selective laser sintering®, selective laser melting, stereolithography

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