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Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-/Micro-Crystalline SnO using Microwave and Hydrothermal Techniques
A.M. EL-Rafei1, H. Youssef1, N. M. Ahmed2
1 Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Dept., National Research Center, 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
2 Photovoltaic Department, Electronic Research Institute (ERI), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
received March 12, 2014, received in revised form May 2, 2014, accepted June 6, 2014
Vol. 5, No. 3, Pages 217-222 DOI: 10.4416/JCST2014-00010
Abstract
Microwave (M-H) and conventional hydrothermal (C-H) synthesis of nano-/micro-sized SnO are compared. The phase composition and morphology of the products were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The XRD results of microwave-heated samples indicated early crystallization of tetragonal romarchite phase after only 1 h at 120 °C compared to 4 h at 120 °C for the conventional method. The crystallization path under microwave heating showed the presence of abhurite phase with an intermediate composition between tin oxide and the starting precursor. Also, romarchite (SnO) decomposes at 700 °C for 1 h in air and transforms into nano-sized cassiterite (SnO2).
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Keywords
Tin oxides, semiconductors, microwaves, nanostructures, chemical synthesis
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