Articles

All articles  |  Recent articles

Polymer-Derived Ordered Mesoporous Silicon-Boron-Carbon-Nitrogen (Si/B/C/N) Ceramics

S. Bernard, P. Miele

IEM (Institut Europeen des Membranes), UMR 5635 (CNRS-ENSCM-UM2), University Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095, Montpellier, France.

received January 10, 2013, received in revised form February 18, 2013, accepted March 5, 2013

Vol. 4, No. 2, Pages 113-122   DOI: 10.4416/JCST2013-00001

Abstract

Ordered mesoporous silicon-based non-oxide ceramics are attracting increasing interest thanks to their outstanding high-temperature stability and their anticipated robustness. In this category of materials, periodic ordered silicon-boron-carbon-nitrogen (Si/B/C/N) frameworks represent an excellent opportunity for use in harsh environments in key fields like heterogeneous catalysis and/or hydrogen storage. In this review, the nanocasting approach to these materials is summarized on the basis of the synthesis of boron-modified polysilazanes, the solution infiltration of carbonaceous and silica templates, the pyrolysis of the composites followed by the template removal step. The as-obtained micron-sized powders are characterized and potential applications discussed.

Keywords

SiBCN, mesoporous powder, non-oxide ceramics, polymer-derived ceramics, nanostructured ceramics

References

¹ Yajima, S., Hasegawa, Y., Okamura, K., Matsuzawa, T.: Development of high tensile strength silicon carbide fibre using an organosilicon polymer precursor, Nature, 273, 525 – 527, (1978).

² Bill, J., Aldinger, F.: Precursor-derived ceramics, Adv. Mater., 7, 775 – 787, (1995).

³ Greil, P.: Polymer-derived engineering ceramics, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2, 339 – 348, (2000).

⁴ Riedel, R., Mera, G., Hauser, R., Klonczynski, A.: Silicon-based polymer-derived Ceramics: synthesis properties and applications – A review, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn, 114, 425 – 444, (2006).

⁵ Miele, P., Bernard, S., Cornu, D., Toury, B.: Recent development in polymer-derived ceramic fibers. (PDCFs): Preparation, properties, applications – A review, Soft. Mater., 4, 249 – 286, (2006).

⁶ (a) Bernard, S., Ayadi, K., Létoffé, J.-M., Chassagneux, F., Berthet, M.-P., Cornu D., Miele, P.: Evolution of structural features and mechanical properties during the conversion of Poly[(methylamino)borazine] fibers into boron nitride fibers, J. Sol. State Chem., 177, 1803 – 1810, (2004); (b) Duperrier, S., Bernard, S., Calin, A., Sigala, C., Chiriac, R., Miele, P., Balan, C.: Design of a series of preceramic B-tri(methylamino)borazine-based polymers as fiber Precursors: shear rheology investigations, Macromolecules, 40, 1028 – 1034, (2007).

⁷ Colombo, P., Soraru, G.D., Riedel, R., Kleebe, H.J. (Eds): Polymer derived ceramics. From nano-structure to application. DEStech Publications, Lancaster, PA, 2009.

⁸ Colombo, P., Mera, G., Riedel, R., Soraru, G.D.: Polymer-derived ceramics: 40 years of research and innovation in advanced ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 93, 1805 – 1837, (2010).

⁹ Xie, Z., Cao, S., Wang, J., Yan, X., Bernard, S., Miele P.: Engineering of silicon-based ceramic fibers: Novel SiTaC(O) ceramic fibers prepared from polytantalosilane, Mater. Sci. Engineer. A, 527, 7086 – 7091, (2010).

¹⁰ Bernard, S. (Ed): Design, processing and properties of ceramic materials from preceramic precursors in Materials Science and Technologies, Nova Publishers, 2012.

¹¹ Riedel, R., Ionescu, E.: Polymer processing of ceramics in ceramics and composites processing methods. Bansal, N.P., Boccaccini, A.R. (Eds.) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, 2012, pp. 235 – 270.

¹² Ionescu, E.: Polymer-derived ceramics, in Ceramics Science and Technology, Vol. 3. Riedel, R.; Chen, I-W. (Eds.) Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2012, pp. 457 – 500.

¹³ Kresge, C.T., Leonowicz, M.E., Roth, W.J., Vartuli J.C., Beck, J.S.: Ordered, mesoporous molecular sieves synthesized by a liquid-crystal template mechanism, Nature, 359, 710 – 712, (1992).

¹⁴ Beck, J.S., Vartuli, J.C., Roth, W.J., Leonowicz, M.E., Kresge, C.T., Schmitt, K.D.C.T., Chu, W., Olson, D.H., Sheppard, E.W., McCullen, S.B., Higgins J.B., Schlenker, J.L.: A new family of mesoporous molecular sieves prepared with liquid crystal templates, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 114, 10834 – 10843, (1992).

¹⁵ Yanagisawa, T., Shimizu, T., Kuroda K., Kato, C.: The preparation of alkyltriinethylaininonium-kaneinite complexes and their conversion to microporous materials, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 63, 988 – 992, (1990).

¹⁶ (a) IUPAC Recommendations, Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division Commission on Colloid and Surface Chemistry including Catalysis, Pure Appl. Chem. 57, 603 – 619, (1985); (b) IUPAC Recommendations, Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division Commission on Colloid and Surface Chemistry including Catalysis, Pure Appl. Chem., 66, 1739 – 1758, (1994).

¹⁷ Ortel, E., Sokolov, S., Zielke, C., Lauermann, I., Selve, S., Weh, K., Paul, B., Polte, J., Kraehnert, R.: Supported mesoporous and hierarchival porous Pd/TiO2 catalytic coatings with controlled particle size and pore structure, Chem. Mater., 24, 3828 – 3838, (2012).

¹⁸ Moussa, G., Bernard, S., Demirci, U.B., Chiriac, R., Miele, P.: Room-temperature hydrogen release from activated carbon-confined ammonia borane, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 37, 13437 – 13445, (2012).

¹⁹ Moury, R., Moussa, G., Demirci, U.B., Hannauer, J., Bernard, S., Petit, E., Van der Lee, A., Miele, P.: Hydrazine borane: synthesis, characterization, and application prospects in chemical hydrogen storage, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 14, 1768 – 1777, (2012).

²⁰ Shi, Y., Wan, Y., Zhao, D.: Ordered mesoporous non-oxide materials, Chem. Soc. Rev., 40, 3854 – 3878, (2011).

²¹ Borchardt, L., Hoffman, C., Oschatz, M., Mammitzsch, L., Petasch, U., Hermann, M., Kaskel, S.: Preparation and application of cellular and nanoporous carbides, Chem. Soc. Rev., 41, 5053 – 5067, (2012).

²² Majoulet, O., Alauzun, J.G., Gottardo, L., Gervais, C., Schuster, M.E., Bernard, S., Miele, P.: Ordered mesoporous silicoboron carbonitride ceramics from boron-modified Polysilazanes: polymer synthesis, processing and properties, Micro. Meso. Mater., 140, 40 – 50, (2011).

²³ Bernard, S., Majoulet, O., Sandra, F., Malchere, A., Miele, P.: Direct synthesis of periodic mesoporous silicoboron carbonitride frameworks via the nanocasting from ordered mesoporous silica with boron-modified polycarbosilazane, Adv. Engineer. Mater., 2012; DOI: 10.1002/adem.201200168.

²⁴ Yan, X.-.B, Dibandjo, P., Bernard, S., Gottardo, L., Mouttaabidd, H., Miele, P.: Preparation of SilicoBoron CarboNitride materials via polymer nanocasting, Chem. Mater., 20, 6325 – 6334, (2008).

²⁵ Riedel, R., Kienzle, A., Dressler, W., Ruwisch, L., Bill, J., Aldinger, F.: A silicoboron carbonitridre ceramic stable to 2000 °C, Nature, 382, 796 – 798, (1996).

²⁶ Weinmann, M., Schuhmacher, J., Kummer, H., Prinz, S., Peng, J., Seifert, H.J., Christ, M., Müller, K., Bill, J., Aldinger, F.: Synthesis and thermal behavior of novel Si-B-C-N ceramic precursor, Chem. Mater., 12, 623 – 632, (2000).

²⁷ Weinmann, M., Kamphowe, T.W., Schuhmacher, J., Müller, K., Aldinger, F.: Design, of polymeric Si-B-C-N ceramic precursors for application in fiber-reinforced composite materials, Chem. Mater., 12, 2112 – 2122, (2000).

²⁸ Bernard, S., Weinmann, M., Cornu, D., Miele, P., Aldinger, F.: Preparation of high-temperature stable Si-B-C-N fibers from tailored single source polyborosilazanes, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 25, 251 – 256, (2005).

²⁹ Bernard, S., Weinmann, M., Gerstel, P., Miele, P., Aldinger, F.: Boron-modified polysilazane as a novel single-source precursor for SiBCN ceramic Fibers: synthesis, melt-spinning, curing and ceramic conversion, J. Mater. Chem., 5, 289 – 299, (2005).

³⁰ Bernard, S., Duperrier, S., Cornu, D., Miele, P., Weinmann, M., Balan C., Aldinger, F.: Chemical tailoring of single-source molecular and polymeric precursors for the preparation of ceramic fibers, J. Optoelectron. Adv. M., 8, 648, (2006).

³¹ Gottardo, L., Bernard, S., Berthet, M.-P., Miele, P.: Preparation of SiBCN microtubes from melt-spinnable polymers, Key Engineer. Mater., 368 – 372, 926 – 928, (2008).

³² Gottardo, L., Bernard, S., Gervais, C., Inzenhofer, K., Motz, G., Weinmann, M., Balan, C., Miele P.: Chemistry, structure and processability of boron-modified polysilazanes as tailored precursors of ceramic fibers, J. Mater. Chem., 22, 7739 – 7750, (2012).

³³ Gottardo, L., Bernard, S., Gervais, C., Weinmann, M., Miele, P.: Design of the intermediate pyrolysis steps and controlling mechanisms of polymer-derived SiBCN ceramics, J. Mater. Chem. 22, 17923 – 17933, (2012).

³⁴ Ouyang, T., Gottardo, L., Bernard, S., Chiriac, R., Balan, C., Miele, P.: Direct synthesis of periodic mesoporous silicoboron carbonitride frameworks via the nanocasting from ordered mesoporous silica with boron-modified polycarbosilazane, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 128, 248 – 257, (2013).

³⁵ Prasad, R.M., Iwamoto, Y., Riedel, R. Gurlo, A.: Multilayer amorphous Si-B-C-N/γ-Al₂O₃/α-Al₂O₃ membranes for hydrogen purification, Adv. Engineer. Mater., 12, 522 – 528, (2010).

³⁶ Salles, V., Bernard, S., Li, J., Brioude, A., Chehaidi, S., Foucaud, S., Miele, P.: Design of highly dense boron nitride by the combination of spray-pyrolysis of borazine and additive-free sintering of derived ultrafine powders, Chem. Mater., 21, 2920 – 2929, (2009).

³⁷ Bernard, S., Salles, V., Li, J., Brioude, A., Bechelany, M., Demirci, U.B., Miele, P.: High-yield synthesis of hollow boron nitride nano-polyhedrons, J. Mater. Chem., 21, 8694 – 8699, (2011).

³⁸ Salles, V., Bernard, S., Chiriac, R., Miele, P.: Structural and thermal properties of boron nitride nanoparticles, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 32, 1867 – 1871, (2012).

³⁹ Bernard, S., Fiati, K., Miele, P., Cornu D., Laurent, P.: Kinetic modelling of the polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) route: Investigations of the thermal decomposition kinetics of Poly[B-(methylamino)borazine] precursors into boron Nitride, , 110, 9048 – 9060, (2006).

⁴⁰ Duperrier, S., Chiriac, R., Sigala, C., Gervais, C., Bernard, S., Cornu, D., Miele, P.: Thermal and thermo-mechanical behaviors of a series of B-(methylamino)borazine-based polymers for fiber preparation. application to boron nitride fibers, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 29, 851 – 855, (2009).

⁴¹ Toutois, P., Miele, P., Jacques, S., Cornu, D., Bernard, S.: Structural and mechanical behavior of boron nitride fibers derived from Poly[(Methylamino)Borazine] Precursors: optimization of the curing and pyrolysis procedures, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 89, 42 – 49, (2006).

⁴² Salles, V., Bernard, S., Brioude, A., Cornu, D., Miele, P.: A new class of boron nitride fibers with tunable properties by combining an electrospinning process and the polymer-derived ceramics route, Nanoscale, 2, 215 – 217 (2010).

⁴³ Bechelany, M., Bernard, S., Brioude, A., Stadelmann, P., Charcosset, C., Fiaty, K., Cornu, D., Miele, P.: Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes by a template-assisted polymer thermolysis process, J. Phys. Chem. C, 111, 13378 – 13384, (2007).

⁴⁴ Termoss, H., Toury, B., Payan, S., Brioude, A., Bernard, S., Cornu, D., Vallette, S., Benayoun, S., Miele, P.: Preparation of boron nitride-based coatings on metallic substrates via infrared irradiation of dip-coated polyborazylene, J. Mater. Chem., 19, 2671 – 2674, (2009).

⁴⁵ Li, J., Salles, V., Bernard, S., Gervais, C., Miele, P.: Preparation of polyborazylene-derived bulk boron nitride with tunable properties by warm-pressing and pressureless pyrolysis, Chem. Mater., 22, 2010 – 2019, (2010).

⁴⁶ Dibandjo, P., Bois, L., Chassagneux, F., Cornu, D., Letoffe, J.-M., Toury, B., Babonneau F., Miele, P.: Synthesis of boron nitride with ordered mesostructure, Adv. Mater., 17, 571 – 574, (2005).

⁴⁷ Schlienger, S., Alauzun, J., Michaux, F., Vidal, L., Parmentier, J., Gervais, C., Babonneau, F., Bernard, S., Miele, P., Parra, J.B.: Micro-, mesoporous boron nitride-based materials templated from Zeolites, Chem. Mater., 24, 88 – 96, (2012).

⁴⁸ Alauzun, J.G., Ungureanu, S., Brun, N., Bernard, S., Miele, P., Backov, R., Sanchez, C.: Novel monolith-type boron nitride hierarchical foams obtained through integrative chemistry, 21, 14025 – 14030, (2011).

⁴⁹ Baldus, P., Jansen, M., Sporn, D.: Ceramic fibers for matrix composites in high-temperature engine applications, Science, 285, 699 – 703, (1999).

⁵⁰ Ryoo, R., Joo, S.H.; Jun, S.: Disordered molecular sieve with branched mesoporous channel network, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 17718 – 17721, (1996).

⁵¹ Zhao, D., Huo, Q., Feng, J., Chmelka, B.F., Stucky, G.D.: Nonionic triblock and star diblock copolymer and oligomeric surfactant syntheses of highly ordered, hydrothermally stable, mesoporous silica structures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120, 6024 – 6036, (1998).

⁵² Zhao, D., Feng, J., Huo, Q., Melosh, N., Fredrickson, G.H., Chmelka, B.F., Stucky, G.D.: Triblock copolymer syntheses of mesoporous silica with periodic 50 to 300 angstrom pores, Science, 279, 548 – 552, (1998).

⁵³ Zhang, H., Sun, J., Ma, D., Bao, X., Klein-Hoffman, A., Weinberg, G., Su, D., Schlogl, R.: Unusual mesoporous SBA-15 with parallel channels running along the short axis, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 7440 – 7441, (2004).

⁵⁴ Ryoo, R., Ko, C.H., Kruk, M., Antochshuk, V., Jaroniec, M.: Block-copolymer-templated ordered mesoporous silica: Array of uniform mesopores or mesopore-micropore network J. Phys. Chem. B., 104, 11465 – 11471, (2000).

⁵⁵ Jammaer, J., Aerts, A., D'Haen, J., Seo, J.W., Martens, J.A.: Convenient synthesis of ordered mesoporous silica at room temperature and quasi-neutral pH, J. Mater. Chem., 19, 8290 – 8293, (2009).

⁵⁶ Martens, J.A., Jammaer, J., Bajpe, S., Aerts, A., Lorgouilloux, Y., Kirschhock, C.E.A.: Simple synthesis recipes of porous materials, Micro. Meso. Mater., 140, 2 – 8, (2011)

⁵⁷ Dibandjo, P., Bois, L., Estournes, C., Durand, B., Miele, P.: Silica, carbon and boron nitride monoliths with hierarchical porosity prepared by spark plasma sintering process, Micro. Meso. Mater., 111, 643 – 648, (2008).

⁵⁸ Colombo, P., Vakifahmetoglu, C., Costacurta, S.: Fabrication of ceramic components with hierarchical porosity, J. Mat. Sci., 45, 5425 – 5455, (2010).

Copyright

Göller Verlag GmbH